Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 44
Filter
1.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 70(6): 605-612, Nov.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155767

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives Preoperative use of flurbiprofen axetil (FA) is extensively adopted to modulate the effects of analgesia. However, the relationship between FA and sedation agents remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of FA on the median Effective Concentration (EC50) of propofol. Methods Ninety-six patients (ASA I or II, aged 18-65 years) were randomly assigned into one of four groups in a 1:1:1:1 ratio. Group A (control group) received 10 mL of Intralipid, and groups B, C and D received 0.5 mg.kg−1, 0.75 mg.kg−1 and 1 mg.kg−1 of FA, respectively, 10 minutes before induction. The depth of anesthesia was measured by the Bispectral Index (BIS). The "up-and-down" method was used to calculate the EC50 of propofol. During the equilibration period, if BIS ≤ 50 (or BIS > 50), the next patient would receive a 0.5 µg.mL−1-lower (or -higher) propofol Target-Controlled Infusion (TCI) concentration. The hemodynamic data were recorded at baseline, 10 minutes after FA administration, after induction, after intubation and 15 minutes after intubation. Results The EC50 of propofol was lower in Group C (2.32 µg.mL−1, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 1.85-2.75) and D (2.39 µg.mL−1, 95% CI 1.91-2.67) than in Group A (2.96 µg.mL−1, 95% CI 2.55-3.33) (p = 0.023, p = 0.048, respectively). There were no significant differences in the EC50 between Group B (2.53 µg.mL−1, 95% CI 2.33-2.71) and Group A (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in Heart Rate (HR) among groups A, B and C. The HR was significantly lower in Group D than in Group A after intubation (66 ± 6 vs. 80 ± 10 bpm, p < 0.01) and 15 minutes after intubation (61 ± 4 vs. 70 ± 8 bpm, p < 0.01). There were no significant differences among the four groups in Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) at any time point. The MAP of the four groups was significantly lower after induction, after intubation, and 15 minutes after intubation than at baseline (p < 0.05). Conclusion High-dose FA (0.75 mg.kg−1 or 1 mg.kg−1) reduces the EC50 of propofol, and 1 mg.kg−1 FA reduces the HR for adequate anesthesia in unstimulated patients. Although this result should be investigated in cases of surgical stimulation, we suggest that FA pre-administration may reduce the propofol requirement when the depth of anesthesia is measured by BIS.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos A administração pré‐operatória de Flurbiprofeno Axetil (FA) é amplamente usada para a modulação da analgesia. No entanto, a relação entre FA e fármacos sedativos permanece obscura. Neste estudo, nosso objetivo foi investigar os efeitos de diferentes doses de FA na Concentração Efetiva mediana (CE50) do propofol. Métodos Noventa e seis pacientes (ASA I ou II, com idades de 18-65 anos) foram alocados aleatoriamente em quatro grupos na proporção de 1:1:1:1. Dez minutos antes da indução, o Grupo A (grupo controle) recebeu 10 mL de Intralipid, enquanto os grupos B, C e D receberam FA na dose de 0,5 mg.kg‐1; 0,75 mg.kg‐1 e 1 mg.kg‐1, respectivamente. A profundidade da anestesia foi medida pelo Índice Bispectral (BIS). O método up‐and‐down foi usado para calcular a CE50 do propofol. Durante o período de equilíbrio, se o valor do BIS fosse ≤ 50 ou BIS > 50, o próximo paciente tinha a infusão de propofol ajustada para uma concentração alvo‐controlada 0,5 µg.mL‐1 inferior ou superior, respectivamente. Os dados hemodinâmicos foram registrados no início do estudo, 10 minutos após a administração de FA, após a indução, após a intubação e 15 minutos após a intubação. Resultados A CE50 do propofol foi menor no Grupo C (2,32 µg.mL‐1, Intervalo de Confiança de 95% [95% IC] 1,85-2,75) e D (2,39 µg.mL‐1, 95% IC 1,91-2,67) do que no Grupo A (2,96 µg.mL‐1; 95% IC 2,55-3,33) (p = 0,023, p = 0,048, respectivamente). Não houve diferenças significantes na CE50 entre o Grupo B (2,53 µg.mL‐1, 95% IC 2,33-2,71) e o Grupo A (p > 0,05). Não houve diferenças significantes na Frequência Cardíaca (FC) entre os grupos A, B e C. A FC foi significantemente menor no grupo D do que no grupo A após a intubação (66 ± 6 vs. 80 ± 10 bpm, p < 0,01) e 15 minutos após a intubação (61 ± 4 vs. 70 ± 8 bpm, p < 0,01). Não houve diferenças significantes entre os quatro grupos na Pressão Arterial Média (PAM) em qualquer momento. A PAM dos quatro grupos foi significantemente menor após a indução, após a intubação e 15 minutos após a intubação do que na linha de base (p < 0,05). Conclusão FA em altas doses (0,75 mg.kg‐1 ou 1 mg.kg‐1) reduz a CE50 do propofol, e 1 mg.kg‐1 de FA reduz a FC durante níveis adequados de anestesia em pacientes não estimulados. Embora esse resultado deva ser investigado na presença de estimulação cirúrgica, sugerimos que a pré‐administração de FA pode reduzir a necessidade de propofol durante anestesia cuja profundidade seja monitorada pelo BIS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Propofol/administration & dosage , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Flurbiprofen/analogs & derivatives , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Anesthesia , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Phospholipids/administration & dosage , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Soybean Oil/administration & dosage , Drug Administration Schedule , Confidence Intervals , Flurbiprofen/administration & dosage , Elective Surgical Procedures , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Emulsions/administration & dosage , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Remifentanil/administration & dosage , Heart Rate/drug effects , Analgesics, Opioid , Middle Aged
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(11): 918-923, Nov. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762896

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTObjective Our aim was to investigate and compare the neuromodulatory effects of bromazepam (6 mg) and modafinil (200 mg) during a sensorimotor task analyzing the changes produced in the absolute alpha power.Method The sample was composed of 15 healthy individuals exposed to three experimental conditions: placebo, modafinil and bromazepam. EEG data were recorded before, during and after the execution of the task. A three-way ANOVA was applied, in order to compare the absolute alpha power among the factors: Group (control, bromazepam and modafinil) Condition (Pre and Post-drug ingestion) and Moment (pre and post-stimulus).Results Interaction was found between the group and condition factors for Fp1, F4 and F3. We observed a main effect of moment and condition for the Fp2, F8 and Fz electrodes.Conclusion We concluded that drugs may interfere in sensorimotor processes, such as in the performance of tasks carried out in an unpredictable scenario.


RESUMOObjetivo Investigar e comparar os efeitos neuromoduladores do bromazepam (6mg) e modafinil (200mg), durante a prática de uma tarefa sensoriomotora, analisando as modificações produzidas na potência absoluta de alfa.Método A amostra foi composta por 15 indivíduos saudáveis, expostos a três condições experimentais: Placebo, modafinil e bromazepam. Dados eletroencefalográficos foram registrados antes, durante e após a execução da tarefa motora. Um ANOVA three-way foi aplicado para comparar a potência absoluta de alfa nos fatores Grupo (controle, bromazepam e modafinil), Condição (Pré e Pós ingestão da droga) e Momento (Pré e Pós estimulo).Resultados Verificou-se interação entre os fatores grupo e condição para os eletrodos Fp1, F4 e F3. Observamos um efeito principal para momento e condição nos eletrodos Fp2, F8 e Fz.Conclusão Concluímos que as drogas, podem interferir em processos sensoriomotores, como no desempenho de tarefas executadas em um cenário imprevisível.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Frontal Lobe/drug effects , GABA Modulators/pharmacology , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Somatosensory Cortex/drug effects , Brain Waves/drug effects , Epidemiologic Methods , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Reference Values , Somatosensory Cortex/physiology , Time Factors
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(4): 321-329, 04/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745753

ABSTRACT

The present study investigates the influence of bromazepam while executing a motor task. Specifically, we intend to analyze the changes in alpha absolute power under two experimental conditions, bromazepam and placebo. We also included analyses of theta and beta frequencies. We collected electroencephalographic data before, during, and after motor task execution. We used a Two Way ANOVA to investigate the condition (PL × Br6 mg) and moment (pre and post) variables for the following electrodes: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, C3, CZ and C4. We found a main effect for condition on the electrodes FP1, F7, F3, Fz, F4, C3 and CZ, for alpha and beta bands. For beta band we also found a main effect for condition on the electrodes Fp2, F8 and C4; for theta band we identified a main effect for condition on C3, Cz and C4 electrodes. This finding suggests that the motor task did not have any influence on the electrocortical activity in alpha, and that the existing modifications were a consequence due merely to the drug use. Despite its anxiolytic and sedative action, bromazepam did not show any significant changes when the individuals executed a finger extension motor task.


O presente estudo investiga a influência do bromazepam durante a execução de uma tarefa motora. Especificamente, pretende-se analisar as mudanças na potência absoluta de alfa sob duas condições experimentais, bromazepam e placebo. Nós também incluímos as analises das frequências teta e beta. Foram coletados dados eletroencefalográficos antes, durante e depois da execução da tarefa motora. Usamos uma Anova de 2 fatores para investigar a condição (PL × Br6 mg) e variáveis no momento (pré e pós) para os seguintes eletrodos: Fp1, Fp2, F7, F3, Fz, F4, F8, C3, C4 e CZ. Encontramos um efeito principal para a condição e eletrodos FP1, F7, F3, Fz, F4, C3 e CZ para alfa e beta. Para beta também foi encontrado um efeito principal para condição nos eletrodos Fp2, F8 e C4; para theta nós identificamos um efeito principal para condition em C3, Cz e C4. Este achado sugere que a tarefa motora não tem qualquer influência sobre a atividade eletrocortical alfa e que as modificações existentes foram uma consequência devido o uso de drogas. Apesar de sua ação ansiolítica e sedativa, o bromazepam não apresentou mudança significativa quando os indivíduos executaram uma tarefa motora.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Frontal Lobe/drug effects , Motor Skills/drug effects , Somatosensory Cortex/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Brain Waves/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Frontal Lobe/physiology , Motor Activity/drug effects , Reference Values , Somatosensory Cortex/physiology , Task Performance and Analysis , Time Factors
4.
Braz. j. biol ; 73(3): 623-627, ago. 2013. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-689848

ABSTRACT

Uroguanylin (UGN) is an endogenous peptide that acts on membrane-bound guanylate cyclase receptors of intestinal and renal cells increasing cGMP production and regulating electrolyte and water epithelial transport. Recent research works demonstrate the expression of this peptide and its receptor in the central nervous system. The current work was undertaken in order to evaluate modifications of electroencephalographic spectra (EEG) in anesthetized Wistar rats, submitted to intracisternal infusion of uroguanylin (0.0125 nmoles/min or 0.04 nmoles/min). The current observations demonstrate that 0.0125 nmoles/min and 0.04 nmoles/min intracisternal infusion of UGN significantly enhances amplitude and frequency of sharp waves and evoked spikes (p = 0.03). No statistical significance was observed on absolute alpha and theta spectra amplitude. The present data suggest that UGN acts on bioelectrogenesis of cortical cells by inducing hypersynchronic firing of neurons. This effect is blocked by nedocromil, suggesting that UGN acts by increasing the activity of chloride channels.


A uroguanilina (UGN) é um peptídeo endógeno que age em receptores do tipo guanilato ciclase de membrana de células intestinais e renais aumentando a produção de GMPc e regulando o transporte epitelial de eletrólitos e água. Pesquisas recentes demonstraram a expressão deste peptídeo e de seus receptores no sistema nervosa central. O presente trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de avaliar possíveis mudanças no espectro do eletroencefalograma (EEG) de ratos Wistar anestesiados, submetidos à infusão intracisternal de uroguanilina (0.0125 nmoles/min or 0.04 nmoles/min). Os resultados apresentados no corrente trabalho demonstram que a infusão intracisternal de ambas as doses de UGN aumenta significativamente a amplitude e frequência das espículas (p = 0.03). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas na amplitude absoluta dos espectros alfa ou teta. Os dados apresentados neste trabalho mostram que a UGN age na bioeletrogênese de células corticais induzindo disparo hipersincrônico de neurônios. Este efeito é bloqueado por nedocromil, sugerindo que UGN atua pelo aumento de atividade de canais de cloreto.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Natriuretic Peptides/pharmacology , Cisterna Magna/drug effects , Infusions, Intraventricular , Rats, Wistar
5.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 61(3): 307-310, maio-jun. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-588156

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A cetamina S(+) é importante na modulação da dor em pacientes cirúrgicos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre os níveis de sedação produzidos por baixas doses de cetamina S(+), bem como as variáveis do EEG: BIS, SEF 95 por cento, pEMG, taxa de supressão e presença de surto-supressão. MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes, de ambos os sexos, faixa etária entre 25 e 50 anos, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos. O grupo G1 (10) recebeu cetamina S(+) - 0,050 mg.kg-1; o grupo G2 (10), cetamina S(+) - 0,125 mg.kg-1 e o grupo G3(10), cetamina S(+) - 0,250 mg.kg-1; em todos os grupos, a cetamina S(+) foi administrada por via venosa. Todos os pacientes receberam 0,08 mg.kg-1 de midazolam por via venosa 10 minutos antes da administração de cetamina S(+). Em cada grupo, avaliaram-se dois momentos: M1, antes da administração da cetamina S(+); e M2, após a administração da cetamina S(+). Nos três grupos, foram avaliados os níveis de sedação e as variáveis do EEG: BIS, SEF 95 por cento, pEMG, taxa de supressão e presença de surto-supressão, antes e após a injeção de cetamina S(+). Utilizou-se ANOVA para medidas repetidas e valor de p ajustado para comparações múltiplas pelo teste de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Houve diminuição nos escores da escala de alerta sedação nos três grupos nos momentos M2. As variáveis do EEG mostraram variação significante nos três grupos, comparando-se os momentos M1 e M2 tanto na pEMG como no BIS (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Os níveis de sedação correlacionam-se, de maneira significativa, com o aumento da dose de cetamina S(+). Entretanto, os valores elevados do BIS podem ter refletido aumento da pEMG induzida pela cetamina S(+).


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ketamine S(+) is important in pain modulation in surgical patients. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the levels of sedation produced by low doses of ketamine S(+), as well as encephalographic variables: BIS, SEF 95 percent, pEMG, suppression rate, and presence of burst-suppression. METHODS: Thirty patients of both sexes, aged 25-50 years, were randomized into three groups. Group G1 (10) received intravenous ketamine S(+) 0.050 mg,kg-1; group G2 (10) intravenous ketamine S(+) 0.125 mg.kg-1; and group G3 (10) intravenous ketamine S(+) 0.250 mg.kg-1. All patients received 0.08 mg.kg-1 of intravenous midazolam 10 minutes before administration of ketamine S(+). In each group, two moments were evaluated: M1, before ketamine S(+) administration; and M2, after ketamine S(+) administration. Sedation levels and encephalographic variables: BIS, SEF 95 percent, pEMG, suppression rate, and the presence of burst-suppression were evaluated in all patients before and after ketamine S(+) administration. ANOVA was used for repeated measurements and the p-value was adjusted for multiple comparisons by Tukey's test. RESULTS: A decrease in alertness-sedation scale scores was observed in all three groups in moment M2. Electroencephalographic variables showed significant variation in all three groups when moments M1 and M2 were compared, both in pEMG and BIS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sedation levels showed significant correlation with the increase in ketamine S(+) dosage. However, increased BIS levels may have reflected increased pEMG induced by ketamine S(+).


JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La cetamina S(+) es importante en la modulación del dolor en pacientes quirúrgicos. Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de evaluar la relación entre los niveles de sedación producidos por la bajas dosis de cetamina S(+), como también las variables del EEG: BIS, SEF 95 por ciento, pEMG, tasa de supresión y presencia de brote-supresión. MÉTODO: Treinta pacientes de los dos sexos, con una franja etaria entre los 25 y los 50 años, que fueron distribuidos aleatoriamente en tres grupos. El grupo G1 (10) recibió cetamina S(+) - 0,050 mg.kg-1; el grupo G2 (10), cetamina S(+) - 0,125 mg.kg-1 y el grupo G3(10), cetamina S(+) - 0,250 mg.kg-1. En todos los grupos, la cetamina S(+) fue administrada por vía venosa. Todos los pacientes recibieron 0,08 mg.kg-1 de midazolam por vía venosa 10 minutos antes de la administración de cetamina S(+). En cada grupo fueron evaluados dos momentos: M1: antes de la administración de la cetamina S(+); y M2: después de la administración de la cetamina S(+). En los tres grupos, se evaluaron los niveles de sedación y las variables del EEG: BIS, SEF 95 por ciento, pEMG, la tasa de supresión y la presencia de brote-supresión, antes y después de la inyección de cetamina S(+). Se utilizó ANOVA para medidas repetidas y valor de p ajustado para comparaciones múltiples por el test de Tukey. RESULTADOS: Se registró una disminución en las puntuaciones de la escala de alerta sedación en los tres grupos en los momentos M2. Las variables del EEG arrojaron una variación significativa en los tres grupos al comparar los momentos M1 y M2 tanto en la pEMG como en el BIS (p < 0,05). CONCLUSIONES: Los niveles de sedación se correlacionan de manera significativa con el aumento de la dosis de cetamina S(+). Sin embargo, los valores elevados del BIS pueden haberse reflejado en el aumento de la pEMG inducida por la cetamina S(+).


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Analgesics/pharmacology , Deep Sedation , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/pharmacology , Ketamine/pharmacology , Midazolam/pharmacology , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Ketamine/administration & dosage , Midazolam/administration & dosage
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 67(2a): 214-218, June 2009. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-517030

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to elucidate cortical mechanisms and to identify the areas where occur such mechanisms due to interaction between bromazepam and motor learning. The sample was composed of 45 healthy subjects randomly distributed in 3 groups: placebo (n=15), bromazepam 3 mg (n=15) or bromazepam 6 mg (n=15). To perform the experimental task, subjects sat comfortably at a distance of approximately 20 cm from the typewriter. The typewriter keyboard was covered with a wooden box to avoid visual information about the hands' position. The typewriting task was performed concomitantly with EEG recording. ANOVA two-way results indicated a decreased asymmetry in sensorimotor areas in the experimental groups. Our interpretation is that moderate doses of bromazepam may improve performance on tasks with predictable elements to promote stability of psychomotor functions, but may also impair performance on tasks executed in unpredictable environments.


O objetivo do estudo foi elucidar mecanismos corticais e identificar as áreas onde estas ocorrem tais mecanismos devido à interação entre bromazepam e aprendizagem motora. A amostra compreendeu 45 sujeitos hígidos distribuídos randomicamente em 3 grupos: placebo (n=15), bromazepam 3 mg (n=15) ou bromazepam 6 mg (n=15). Para a realização da tarefa experimental, sujeitos sentaram-se confortavelmente a uma distância de aproximadamente 20 cm da máquina de escrever. O teclado da máquina foi coberto com uma caixa de madeira para evitar informações visuais sobre a posição das mãos. O registro do EEGq ocorreu simultaneamente à tarefa de datilografia. Os resultados da ANOVA two-way indicaram menor assimetria em áreas sensório-motoras nos grupos experimentais. Nossa interpretação é que doses moderadas de bromazepam podem melhorar o desempenho em tarefas previsíveis por promover estabilidade das funções psicomotoras, mas pode prejudicar o desempenho em tarefas realizadas em ambientes imprevisíveis.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Functional Laterality/drug effects , GABA Modulators/pharmacology , Learning/drug effects , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Bromazepam/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Functional Laterality/physiology , GABA Modulators/administration & dosage , Learning/physiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Young Adult
7.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-22707

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: The monoaminergic systems which exert a modulatory role in memory processing, are disturbed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Moringa oleifera (MO) has been shown to exert its effect in CNS by altering the brain monoamines. The present study aims to see whether chronic oral treatment of ethanolic extract of MO leaves can alter the brain monoamines (norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin) in distinct areas of brain in rat model of AD caused by intracerebroverticle (ICV) infusion of colchicine and hence can provide protection against monoaminergic deficits associated with AD. METHODS: Rats were given ICV infusion of colchicine (15 microg/5microl) and MO leaf alcoholic extract was given in various doses. The effective dose was standardized by radial arm maze (RAM) training. From the selected dose of 250 mg/kg body weight, the biochemical estimations and EEG studies were performed. RESULTS: Stereotaxic ICV infusion of colchicine significantly impaired the RAM performance together with decrease in norepinephrine (NE) level in cerebral cortex (CC), hippocampus (HC) and caudate nucleus (CN). Dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) levels were decreased in CC, HC and CN. The EEG studies showed a decrease in beta and alpha waves and increase in biphasic spike wave pattern in experimental Alzheimer rat model. Treatment with MO extract markedly increased the number of correct choices in a RAM task with variable alteration of brain monoamines. The EEG studies showed an increase in beta waves and a decrease in spike wave discharges. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our results showed that brain monoamines were altered discreetly in different brain areas after colchicine infusion in brain. After treatment with MO, leaf extract the monoamine levels of brain regions were restored to near control levels. Our findings indicated that MO might have a role in providing protection against AD in rat model by altering brain menoamine levels and electrical activity.


Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/metabolism , Animals , Biogenic Monoamines/analysis , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Dopamine/analysis , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Male , Maze Learning/drug effects , Moringa oleifera , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Norepinephrine/analysis , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rats , Serotonin/analysis
8.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 80(2): 335-340, June 2008. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-482888

ABSTRACT

The EEG has been widely employed in the assessment of electrophysiological changes induced by distinct medications. Its sensibility in detecting alterations produced by a specific substance may be enhanced by methods of quantitative analyses (qEEG). The present study aimed at investigating the modulatory effects of bromazepam on brain dynamics. The effects of bromazepam (3mg) on EEG power distribution were tested in 10 healthy individuals, in a double-blind experiment. The electrophysiological measure was analyzed across experimental conditions, moments, and electrodes, in the delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency bands separately. A significant decrease of relative power was observed in delta and theta (main effect of condition). No interactions were observed. Although the expected anxiolytic EEG profile was not observed (increased beta and decreased alpha activity), this specific result may be related to other factors such as dosage used and the subjects' general physiological state, and not necessarily to the drug itself.


O EEG tem sido amplamente empregado na avaliação de mudanças eletrofisiológicas induzidas por medicações distintas.A sensibilidade desta técnica em detectar alterações produzidas por uma substância pode ser aprimorada por métodos de análise quantitativa (EEGq). O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos modulatórios do bromazepam na dinâmica cerebral. Os efeitos de 3mg de bromazepam na distribuição de potência cortical foram observados em 10 indivíduos sadios, em um desenho duplo-cego. A medida eletrofisiológica foi analisada nas diferentes condições experimentais, momentos e eletrodos, em delta, teta, alfa e beta separadamente. Uma diminuição significativa de potência relativa foi observada em delta e teta (efeito principal para condição). Não foram observadas interações. Embora o perfil ansiolítico do EEG (aumento de beta e diminuição de alfa) não tenha sido observado, esteresultado específico pode estar relacionado a outros fatores, tais como dose utilizada e estado fisiológico dos sujeitos, e não necessariamente à droga propriamente dita.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Motor Cortex/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Double-Blind Method , Motor Cortex/physiology
9.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-110564

ABSTRACT

Eight patients who had taken accidental overdose of Isoniazid were followed in relation to its clinical manifestations, EEG changes and management. All cases survived without any residual effect.


Subject(s)
Acidosis/chemically induced , Adolescent , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/poisoning , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Gastric Lavage , Humans , Isoniazid/poisoning , Male , Medical Errors/adverse effects , Nausea/chemically induced , Drug Overdose/therapy , Seizures/chemically induced , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy , Vomiting/chemically induced
10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(1): 77-81, mar. 2007. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-446685

ABSTRACT

Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed medications due to their therapeutic efficacy in reducing anxiety and inducing sleep. Consequently, they have been widely employed in the pharmacological treatment of several disorders. Nevertheless, few studies have analyzed the effects of bromazepam in electroencephalographic activity (EEG). The present study aimed at investigating the modulatory effects of this drug on brain dynamics. Specifically, the effects of bromazepam (3mg) on EEG coherence were tested in a double-blind experiment. The sample, consisting of 10 healthy subjects (5 male and 5 female), was submitted to ten minutes of EEG recording. The electrophysiological measure (coherence) was analyzed across three experimental conditions: bromazepam, placebo 1, and placebo 2. Results indicate that bromazepam significantly increases cortical interhemispheric coherence.


Benzodiazepínicos estão entre as medicações mais comumente prescritas devido à sua eficácia terapêutica para reduzir ansiedade e induzir sono. Conseqüentemente, eles têm sido amplamente empregados no tratamento de diversas desordens. No entanto, poucos estudos têm analisado os efeitos do bromazepam na atividade eletrencefalográfica (EEG). Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar os efeitos modulatórios desta droga na dinâmica cerebral. Especificamente, os efeitos de 3 mg de bromazepam na coerência eletrocortical foram analisados em um experimento duplo-cego. A amostra consistiu de 10 sujeitos sadios (5 homens e 5 mulheres), submetidos a dez minutos de captação do sinal de EEG. A medida eletrofisiológica (coerência) foi analisada em três condições experimentais: bromazepam, placebo 1 e placebo 2. Os resultados sugerem que o bromazepam aumenta significativamente a coerência cortical inter-hemisférica.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Functional Laterality/drug effects , Motor Cortex/drug effects , Double-Blind Method
11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(4): 937-940, dez. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-439746

ABSTRACT

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the investigation was to use electroencephalography (EEG) to study whether long-term thinner abuse may result in the slowing, disorganization and asymmetry of the EEG cortical rhythms. METHOD: Twenty-two patients attending with antecedent of thinner abuse only, and twenty two controls without alcohol, smoking, and drug abuse in the same age range and gender were studied. EEG recording were compared by means of the analyses of peak of frequency (POF), frequency of disorganization, and asymmetry of the background activity in patients and controls at rest eyes-closed condition in electrodes P3, P4, O1, and O2. RESULTS: Significant differences in POF among groups was observed in P3 and P4 location showing lower values in thinner abusers, but not in O1 and O2 locations. Frequencies of disorganization and asymmetry showed significantly higher proportions in thinner abusers. Bivariate correlations among POF at the four electrode location and time of thinner abuse showed significant values. However after partial correlation calculation correcting for age, significant values disappeared. CONCLUSION: Thus thinner abuse relates with slowing of POF in the EEG of patients with thinner abuse associated with disorganization, and asymmetry depending on time of abuse.


OBJETIVO: Utilizar el electroencefalograma (EEG) para estudiar si el abuso o intoxicación crónica por tíner produce lentificación, desorganización y asimetría de la actividad eléctrica cortical. MÉTODO: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes con antecedentes de intoxicación crónica por tíner y 22 sujetos sin antecedentes de abuso de tíner, alcohol, cigarro o drogas en el mismo rango de edad y en igual número de acuerdo al género. Se registro el EEG cuantitativo y se compararon: el promedio del pico de frecuencia (PoF), la frecuencia de desorganización de la actividad de fondo y la presencia de asimetría inter-hemisférica en la condición de reposo físico y mental entre las regiones de los electrodos P3, P4, O1 y O2. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el PoF entre los grupo estudiados en P3 y P4 observándose valores menores en el grupo con antecedente de intoxicación crónica con tíner, sin embargo estas diferencias no fueron observadas en O1 y O2. La frecuencia de desorganización y de asimetría fue mayor entre los pacientes con antecedente de intoxicación crónica con tíner. Las correlaciones bivariadas entre el PoF en las cuatro localizaciones y el tiempo de consumo de tíner mostraron valores significativos, sin embargo, cuando fueron corregidas por la edad desaparecieron. CONCLUSION: La intoxicación crónica por tíner se relaciona a una lentificación del PoF del EEG de estos pacientes asociada con desorganización y asimetría que dependen parcialmente del tiempo de consumo.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology , Electroencephalography , Solvents/toxicity , Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Chronic Disease , Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Electroencephalography/drug effects
12.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 64(2b): 478-484, jun. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433293

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar parâmetros atencionais, motores e eletrencefalográficos durante uma tarefa de procedimentos em sujeitos que ingeriram 6mg de bromazepam. A amostra consistiu de 26 sujeitos saudáveis, ambos os sexos, entre 19 e 36 anos. Os grupos controle e experimental foram submetidos à tarefa datilográfica em desenho duplo-cego randomizado. Os achados não revelaram diferenças nas medidas atencionais e motoras entre os grupos. Foram avaliadas medidas de coerência (EEGq) entre regiões do escalpo nas bandas teta, alfa e beta. Análise inicial revelou um efeito principal para condição (Anova 2- critérios de variação - condição versus blocos). Uma segunda Anova, também com 2 critérios de variação (condição versus região do escalpo), demonstrou um efeito principal para ambos os fatores. Em conclusão, a medida de coerência parece não ser uma ferramenta sensível para demonstrar diferenças entre áreas corticais em função de uma tarefa de procedimentos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Attention/drug effects , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Learning/drug effects , Motor Skills/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Brain Mapping , Double-Blind Method , Electroencephalography/drug effects
13.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 38(7)July 2005. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-403863

ABSTRACT

Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance in the world. The effects of caffeine have been studied using cognitive and motor measures, quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) and event-related potentials. However, these methods are not usually employed in combination, a fact that impairs the interpretation of the results. The objective of the present study was to analyze changes in electrophysiological, cognitive and motor variables with the ingestion of caffeine, and to relate central to peripheral responses. For this purpose we recorded event-related potentials and eyes-closed, resting EEG, applied the Stroop test, and measured reaction time. Fifteen volunteers took caffeine (400 mg) or placebo in a randomized, crossover, double-blind design. A significant reduction of alpha absolute power over the entire scalp and of P300 latency at the Fz electrode were observed after caffeine ingestion. These results are consistent with a stimulatory effect of caffeine, although there was no change in the attention (Stroop) test or in reaction time. The qEEG seems to be the most sensitive index of the changes produced by caffeine in the central nervous system since it proved to be capable of detecting changes that were not evident in the tests of cognitive or motor performance.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Caffeine/pharmacology , Central Nervous System Stimulants/pharmacology , Central Nervous System/drug effects , Cognition/drug effects , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Electrophysiology , /drug effects , Reaction Time
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 63(2b)jun. 2005. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-404592

ABSTRACT

A eficiência com que uma informação é transmitida dentro da circuitaria neural pode ser alterada por neuromoduladores. O uso do Bromazepam nos transtornos de ansiedade se deve a sua propriedade ansiolítica. Porém, os efeitos deste benzodiazepínico na aprendizagem motora não são plenamente conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar alterações neuropsicológicas, comportamentais e eletrofisiológicas decorrentes da administração de Bromazepam (6 mg) durante o aprendizado de uma tarefa motora. A amostra consistiu de 26 sujeitos saudáveis, de ambos os sexos, entre 19 e 36 anos. Os grupos controle (placebo) e experimental (Bromazepam 6 mg) foram submetidos ao aprendizado de datilografia, em desenho duplo-cego randomizado. Os resultados não revelaram diferenças nas variáveis neuropsicológicas e comportamentais entre os grupos. Testes estatísticos demonstraram interação entre condição e momento e um efeito principal para setor, ou seja, uma diminuição da potência relativa no hemisfério direito. Esta diminuição de potência sugere uma especialização da circuitaria neural no hemisfério contralateral ao dedo utilizado no pressionamento da tecla. Tal diminuição é independente do uso da droga.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Anxiety Agents/pharmacology , Bromazepam/pharmacology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Learning/drug effects , Motor Skills/drug effects , Analysis of Variance , Behavior/drug effects , Double-Blind Method , Electrophysiology , Functional Laterality , Learning/physiology , Motor Skills/physiology
15.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 34-41, 2005.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-35935

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of methylphenidate, a psychostimulant, on quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) during the continuous performance test (CPT) in boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The QEEG was obtained from 20 boys with ADHD. The amplitudes of 4 bands (alpha, beta, delta, and theta) in the QEEG, as well as the theta/beta ratio, before and after the administration of methylphenidate were compared during both the resting and CPT states. Methylphenidate induced a significant increase of alpha activities in both the right and left frontal and occipital areas, an increase of beta activities in almost all areas except for the temporal region, a decrease of theta activities in both the occipital and right temporo-parietal areas, a mild decrease of delta activities in the occipito-parietal areas, and an increase of the theta/beta ratio in the right frontal and parieto-occipital, and left temporal areas during the CPT state. No significant QEEG changes were induced by the administration of methylphenidate in the resting state. These data suggest that methylphenidate has greater electrophysiological influences on the cerebral topographical activities during the performance of attentional tasks, as compared to the resting state, in boys with ADHD.


Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Methylphenidate/administration & dosage , Neuropsychological Tests
17.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-19165

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Epileptic seizures have been reported in patients on imipenem/cilastatin (Imi/Cil) therapy. To investigate contribution of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in inducing imipenem/cilastatin (Imi/Cil) seizures, the effects of competitive NMDA antagonist, APV [(+/-)-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid], non-competitive NMDA antagonist remacemide [(+/-)-2-amino-N-(1-methyl-1,2-diphenylethyl)-acetamidel, and glycine receptor partial agonist HA-966 [(+/-)-(3-amino-1-hydroxypyrrolid-2-one)] on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and behaviour were studied in rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar albino rats were implanted with electrodes and cannulae were placed into the right lateral ventricle. Animals were divided into five groups: (i) saline (icv)+Imi/Cil (ii) APV (0.2 micromol)+Imi/Cil, (iii) APV (0.4 micromol)+Imi/Cil, (iv) remacemide (100 mg/kg, ip)+Imi/Cil, and (v) HA-966 (200 microg, icv)+Imi/Cil. The drugs were administered 30 min before icv injection of Imi/Cil (100/100 microg), and their effects on incidence of seizures, latencies to EEG changes and convulsions, severity, lethality and time to lethal outcome were studied. RESULTS: Imi/Cil provoked complete seizure response in all rats and all animals died within 10-18 min after the injection. EEG epileptiform activity preceded behavioral seizures. Clonic-tonic seizures were characterized by continuous bursts of high frequency high amplitude spikes in the EEG. The dose of 0.2 micromol of APV prolonged only the latency to the first EEG changes, while 0.4 micromol dose significantly influenced all seizure parameters. HA-966 increased only the latency to Imi/Cil-induced convulsions, while remacemide had no significant effect on seizure parameters. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: The results suggested that excitatory neurotransmission contributed to the generation and/or propagation of Imi/Cil-induced seizures in rats, and that the effects of NMDA antagonists depended on a particular binding site within the NMDA receptor complex, and affinity to that site.


Subject(s)
Acetamides/pharmacology , Animals , Binding Sites , Cilastatin/toxicity , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Imipenem/toxicity , Male , Pyrrolidinones/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism , Seizures/chemically induced , Valine/analogs & derivatives
18.
IJPR-Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2004; 3 (4): 215-223
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-102851

ABSTRACT

Substance abuse is an important health, psychological and social problem in the world. Gabapentin is a new antiepileptic drug. It is used in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Moreover the effects of gabapentin on increasing the analgesic effect of morphine and its inhibitory effects on dopamine release due to morphine in animal models have been proved. In the present study, the effect of gabapentin on withdrawal signs and symptoms in opium-addicted participants and on psychiatric disorders and electroencephalogram of these patients during the detoxification period has been investigated. Two groups of patients were selected randomly. The first group [n=36] received the current drugs based on their withdrawal symptoms and the second group [n=35] received an additional 900 mg gabapentin daily. All the patients were evaluated by electroencephalography and Symptom Check List-90-Revised on the first and last days of hospitalization and their demographic characteristics were gathered by using a general questionnaire. During the hospitalization period [10 days] all the patients were visited daily for withdrawal signs and symptoms. The analysis of data showed the excellent effect of gabapentin on all psychiatric symptoms and in decreasing signs and symptoms significantly. A gradual decrease of withdrawal signs and symptoms in the second group shows the efficacy of gabapentin. There was no significant difference between the two groups, regarding to the electroencephalogram indices. The results show that gabapentin improves the quality of therapeutic management in opium-addicts during the detoxification period


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Amines , Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , Mental Disorders , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Opioid-Related Disorders , Anticonvulsants , Models, Animal , Dopamine , Surveys and Questionnaires , Prospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
19.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(4): 988-990, Dec. 2003. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-352438

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: é relatar a eficácia da vigabatrina no controle das convulsões, bem como as alterações eletrencefalográficas em crianças com esclerose tuberosa e síndrome de West. MÉTODO: Estudo retrospectivo, com dados clínicos, de neuroimagem e de eletrencefalograma. RESULTADOS: Sete pacientes foram acompanhados e o tempo médio de seguimento foi 10 anos. Dos pacientes, quatro eram do sexo feminino e todos eram de cor branca. A média de idade de início das convulsões foi 3,4 meses. Todos usaram associações de vários anticonvulsivantes; no mínimo duas drogas por esquema terapêutico, e cada paciente utilizou pelo menos dois esquemas diferentes. O uso de vigabatrina como monoterapia ou em associação iniciou em média aos 7 anos de idade ou 4 anos após início dos sintomas. Cinco dos sete pacientes que iniciaram vigabatrina ficaram sem crise. CONCLUSÃO: Vigabatrina mostrou-se eficaz no controle das crises, levando a um melhor prognóstico


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Epilepsy/drug therapy , Spasms, Infantile/drug therapy , Tuberous Sclerosis/drug therapy , Vigabatrin/therapeutic use , Age of Onset , Anticonvulsants/pharmacology , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Epilepsy/complications , Follow-Up Studies , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Spasms, Infantile/complications , Treatment Outcome , Tuberous Sclerosis/complications , Vigabatrin/pharmacology
20.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 2002 Apr; 46(2): 175-85
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-106468

ABSTRACT

Although some extragenital effects (EGEs) of the female sex steroids (FSS) have been known for fairly long time, serious research on it has been taken up only in recent time. This paper has tried to explore the EGEs of Estrogen (E) and Progesterone (P). This study was based on human beings as experimental subjects. In this clinical study, three further subdivisions were made: (i) Patients of dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) who were therapeutically advised to use orally ingestible synthetic P tablets. These subjects were studied for any P induced changes in the psychoanalytical score, EEG, lung function tests (LUFTs), ECG; their blood Female sex steroid levels were also measured. (ii) Another group of women suffering from perimenopausal syndrome were given synthetic E tablets and the E induced changes (if any) of the same above mentioned parameters were studied. (iii) A third group consisting of healthy women were given oral contraceptive pills (OCP) containing both E and P and the above mentioned parameters were studied to see whether the OCP could cause any change. The results have been discussed. Attempts have been made to see whether our findings give any hint of any mode of action of the FSS studied and so forth.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Climacteric/blood , Electroencephalography/drug effects , Estrogens/pharmacology , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Progesterone/pharmacology , Uterine Hemorrhage/blood
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL